| Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2011 Feb 8. [Epub ahead of print] |
Short-Term Evaluation of the Impact of a Food Program on the Micronutrient Nutritional Status of Argentinean Children Under the Age of Six. |
| Varea A, Malpeli A, Etchegoyen G, Vojkovic M, Disalvo L, Apezteguia M, Pereyras S, Pattín J, Ortale S, Carmuega E, Gonzalez HF. |
Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas Prof. Dr "Fernando E. Viteri", Hospital de Niños de La Plata, 63 N° 1069, 1900, La Plata, Argentina. |
AbstractThis study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Plan Más Vida (PMV) on the micronutrient nutritional condition of children aged 1 to 6 years 1 year after PMV implementation. The food program was intended for low-income families from the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina and provided supplementary diets. A prospective, nonexperimental study was carried out. Children (472 at baseline and 474 after 1 year) were divided into two groups (1-2 and 2-6 years of age). Biochemical tests (hemogram, ferritin, zinc, vitamin A, and folic acid), anthropometric assessments (weight and height), and dietary surveys (24-h recall) were performed. Chronic growth retardation (-2 height/age Z-score) was present in 2.8% and 8.7% of 1-2- and 2-6-year-old children, respectively; 14.4% in the former and 8.8% in the latter group had overweight/obesity. No significant changes were recorded 1 year after PMV implementation. Whereas anemia values decreased (55.3% to 39.1%, p = 0.003) and serum zinc values increased in 1-2-year-old children, the risk for vitamin A deficiency decreased significantly in both age groups. The evaluation of the early impact of PMV actions provided important nutritional data that should be used by provincial health authorities to conduct future evaluations. |
| Rev. Child. Pediatr. 2010; 81 (5): 391 - 401 |
Herramientas de Screening del Desarrollo Psicomotor en Latinoamerica |
| Agustina Vericat (1) Alicia B. Orden (1)(2) |
| 1. Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pediátricas “Prof. Dr. Fernando E. Viteri” (IDIP-MS/CIC, PBA)
Hospital de Niños Sor M. Ludovica. La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). |
Resumen El médico que trabaja en atención primaria cumple un papel fundamental en la detección de los problemas del desarrollo psicomotor. Actualmente se dispone de una gran cantidad de herramientas útiles para la pesquisa de este tipo de trastornos. En este artículo se presenta una revisión actualizada de algunos de los métodos de evaluación del desarrollo psicomotor mas frecuente utilizados en América Latina, con especial énfasis en las técnicas de screening. Tambien se presenta un esquema de seguimiento de los pacientes con retraso psicomotor a fin de simplificar el proceso diagnóstico y por último se plantean algunas dificultades para implementar la vigilancia del desarrollo. (Palabras clave: Desarrollo psicomotor, tamizaje, atención primaria, Latinoamérica) |
| Acta Trop. 2011 Jun;118(3):184-9. Epub 2009 Jul 3 |
Socio-environmental conditions, intestinal parasitic infections and nutritional
status in children from a suburban neighborhood of La Plata, Argentina |
María I. Gamboa a), Graciela T. Navone a), Alicia B. Orden b), María F. Torres c,d) Luis E. Castro c), Evelia E. Oyhenartc, e) |
a) Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE, CCT La Plata-CONICET), calle 2 N◦ 584, La Plata 1900, Argentina |
We analyzed intestinal parasitic infections in children aged 1–12 years from a poor neighborhood in La
Plata, Argentina, and determined the correlations with their nutritional status and socio-environmental
conditions. We performed parasitological analyses with anal brushed technique (for Enterobius vermicularis
eggs) and fecal samples, employing the techniques of Ritchie, Carles Barthelemy and Willis. The
worm burdens of nematodes were estimated by means of Kato Katz technique. Low weight-for-age
(underweight), height-for-age (stunting) and weight-for-height (wasting) were calculated based on the 5th centile of the WHO 2006 (children under 5) and CDC 2000 (older children and adolescents) growth references. We also analyzed samples of soil, water, and canine feces and surveyed other domestic and environmental data using structured questionnaires to each child’s parents. To associate the parasitological, anthropometric and socio-environmental data, a categorical analysis of principal components (catPCA) was conducted. In the first axis of catPCA, the correlations among socio-environmental variables showed a gradient of “relative welfare”. The eigenvectors showed the most influential variables in the analysis were promiscuity (0.0765), father’s education (−0.741), crowding (0.727), wastewater disposal (−0.658), mother’s education (−0.574), and flooding (−0.409). The 85% of childrenwere parasitized and 79.6% polyparasitized. The 27.7% of children had deficit in some nutritional status indicator, being the stunting the most prevalent deficit (16.8%). There also found parasites in 42% of the dog feces, 53% of the soil samples, and non-pathogenic amoebae in the water samples. The SEV was mainly associated with geohelminths and stunting, especially among the poorest children. The study evidences that living conditions are variable within this population. Part of these variations could be linked to the differences in the extentto which parents are able to use their scant resources to influence their children’s morbidity. Further studies need to be done from a qualitative approach. |
| New England Journal of Medicine 2010 Jan 7;362(1):45-55. |
Pediatric Hospitalizations Associated with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Argentina |
Romina Libster, M.D., Jimena Bugna, M.D., Silvina Coviello, M.S., Diego R. Hijano, M.D., Mariana Dunaiewsky, M.D., Natalia Reynoso, M.D., Maria L. Cavalieri, M.D., Maria C. Guglielmo, M.D., M. Soledad Areso, M.D., Tomas Gilligan, M.D., Fernanda Santucho, M.D., Graciela Cabral, M.D., Gabriela L. Gregorio, M.D., Rina Moreno, M.D., Maria I. Lutz, M.D., Alicia L. Panigasi, M.D., Liliana Saligari, M.D., Mauricio T. Caballero, M.D., Rodrigo M. Egües Almeida, M.D., Maria E. Gutierrez Meyer, M.D., Maria D. Neder, M.D., Maria C. Davenport, M.D., Maria P. Del Valle, M.D., Valeria S. Santidrian, M.D., Guillermina Mosca, M.D., Mercedes Garcia Domínguez, M.D., Liliana Alvarez, M.D., Patricia Landa, M.D., Ana Pota, M.D., Norma Boloñati, M.D., Ricardo Dalamon, M.D., Victoria I. Sanchez Mercol, M.D., Marco Espinoza, M.D., Juan Carlos Peuchot, M.D., Ariel Karolinski, M.D., Miriam Bruno, M.D., Ana Borsa, M.D., Fernando Ferrero, M.D., Ph.D., Angel Bonina, M.D., Margarita Ramonet, M.D., Lidia C. Albano, M.D., Nora Luedicke, M.D., Elias Alterman, M.D., Vilma Savy, Ph.D., Elsa Baumeister, Ph.D., James D. Chappell, M.D., Ph.D., Kathryn M. Edwards, M.D., Guillermina A. Melendi, M.D., and Fernando P. Polack, M.D. Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires. BACKGROUND: While the Northern Hemisphere experiences the effects of the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus, data from the recent influenza season in the Southern Hemisphere can provide important information on the burden of disease in children. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case series involving children with acute infection of the lower respiratory tract or fever in whom 2009 H1N1 influenza was diagnosed on reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction assay and who were admitted to one of six pediatric hospitals serving a catchment area of 1.2 million children. We compared rates of admission and death with those among age-matched children who had been infected with seasonal influenza strains in previous years. RESULTS: Between May and July 2009, a total of 251 children were hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 influenza. Rates of hospitalization were double those for seasonal influenza in 2008. Of the children who were hospitalized, 47 (19%) were admitted to an intensive care unit, 42 (17%) required mechanical ventilation, and 13 (5%) died. The overall rate of death was 1.1 per 100,000 children, as compared with 0.1 per 100,000 children for seasonal influenza in 2007. (No pediatric deaths associated with seasonal influenza were reported in 2008.) Most deaths were caused by refractory hypoxemia in infants under 1 year of age (death rate, 7.6 per 100,000). CONCLUSIONS: Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza was associated with pediatric death rates that were 10 times the rates for seasonal influenza in previous years. 2010 Massachusetts Medical Society |
Public Health Nutrition 2010 Oct;13(10):1522-7. Epub 2009 Dec 3. Los cambios en la densidad mineral ósea de las madres adolescentes durante el período de 12 meses después del parto |
Malpeli A, Mansur JL, De Santiago S, Villalobos R, Armanini A, Apezteguía M, González HF. Abstract |
Aceptado para su publicación, 29/09/2009. Efectos de la suplementación con probióticos en los niveles de inmunoglobulinas, isoaglutininas y en la respuesta anticuerpo en niños de bajo nivel socioeconómico. |
Néstor Pérez, Juan C. Iannicelli, Cecilia Girard-Bosch, Silvia González, Ana Varea, Liliana Disalvo1, María Apezteguia, Juan Pernas, Dimas Vicentin, Ricardo Cravero. Abstract. Antigen exposure is one of the major exogenous factors modulating human immunocompetence acquisition. Decline in family size and improvements in public health and hygiene in developed countries, may deprive the immune system of appropriate antigen input by diminishing infectious stimuli. Probiotics are a large group of microorganisms defined by their beneficial effects on human health and with stimulating effects on different functions of the immune system. |
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria 2009; 107(4):000-000 / 1 Plumbemia en niños y relación con la
deficiencia de hierro y los factores de exposición
al plomo. La Plata, Argentina |
Bioq. Liliana Disalvo, Lic. Claudia Aab, Bioq. Silvia Pereyras, Bioq. Jorgelina Pattín, Lic. María Apezteguía, Dr. Juan Carlos Iannicelli, Dra. Ana Girardelli , Bioq. Ana Varea RESUMEN Introducción. La exposición ambiental al plomo constituye un problema de salud pública en todo el mundo y los niños son más vulnerables a sus efectos tóxicos. Numerosaspublicaciones demuestran que la deficiencia de hierro y la intoxicación por plomo pueden asociarse, pero en la Argentina los estudios publicados sobre población pediátrica son escasos. Nuestro objetivo fue establecer la plumbemia en niños y determinar su relación con la deficiencia de hierro y con factores de exposición. Población, material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 93 niños (6 meses-5 años) que concurrieron al Hospital de Niños de La Plata para controles de salud. Se aplicó una encuesta socioambiental y se determinaron las concentraciones de plomo, hemoglobina y ferritina en sangre. Resultados. La media geométrica de plomo en sangre fue 4,26 μg/dl (IC 95%: 3,60-5,03), con una prevalencia de plumbemias ≥ 10 μg/dl de 10,8%. Se encontraron concentraciones de plomo más elevadas en los niños en cuyos hogares se desarrollaban actividades contaminantes (6,74 contra 3,78 μg/dl; p= 0,005) y en quienes habitaban en viviendas precarias (5,68 contra 3,71 μg/dl; p= 0,020). Las plumbemias ≥ 10 μg/dl se asociaron significativamente con la deficiencia de hierro (OR: 5,7; IC 95%: 1,34-23,41) y con la actividad domiciliaria contaminante (OR: 4,8 IC 95%: 1,12; 20,16). Conclusión. La prevalencia de plumbemias ≥ 10 μg/dl es preocupante en la población estudiada. Los factores de riesgo asociados a dichas concentraciones fueron la deficiencia de hierro y el desarrollo en el hogar de actividades relacionadas con la manipulación de plomo. |
Chemotherapy. 2009 Jul 27;55(5):327-334 Pharmacokinetics of Trifluralin in Blood and Heart Tissue of Mice |
Zaidenberg A, Marra C, Villagra S, Rule R. Trypanosoma cruzi activity and a potential therapeutic effect for the treatment of Chagas disease. We assessed peroral and intramuscular trifluralin pharmacokinetics in mouse blood and heart tissue. Methods: A parallel experimental design was used. Healthy adult male CF1 albino mice (n = 108, 25-35 g bw) received a single peroral or intramuscular trifluralin dose (50 mg/kg in peanut oil). Blood and heart tissue samples were taken at set times after intramuscular and peroral trifluralin administration. Feces and tissue samples were taken 12 h after intramuscular trifluralin administration. Trifluralin concentrations in whole blood, feces and tissues were determined by HPLC. Results: After intramuscular and peroral administration, maximum whole blood concentration (C(max)) was attained at 30 min and 2.0 h (t(max)) (28.2 +/- 0.7 and 7.8 +/- 0.033 mug/ml; p < 0.05). C(max) in heart tissue was attained at 1.0 and 2.0 h (0.6 +/- 0.004 and 0.2 +/- 0.002 mug/g; p < 0.05). Liver, perirenal and subcutaneous fat concentrations were 55.1, 66.3 and 59.7 ng/mg tissue protein. Peroral and intramuscular penetration ratios determined by comparing heart tissue areas under the curve were 6.3 and 4.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Intramuscular trifluralin could be a new alternative for the treatment of Chagas disease. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel. |
Nutrition Research 29 (2009) 35–40 Protein-Energy Malnutrition Contributes To Increased Structural Chromosomal Alteration Frequencies In Argentinean Children |
Gisel Padula, Susana A. Salceda, Analia I. Seoane The relationship between protein-energy malnutrition and genetic damage has been studied in human beings and laboratory animals, but results are still conflicting. The aim of the present study
was to assess the induction of structural chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes |
Am J Hum Biol. 2009 May - Jun; 21(3): 312- 8 Physical growth in schoolchildren from Argentina: comparison with Argentinean and CDC/NCHs growth references. |
Orden AB, Torres MF, Castro L, Cesani MF, Luis MA, Quintero FA, Oyhenart EE. The aim of this study was to assess the physical growth of schoolchildren from Argentina by comparison with the CDC/NCHS and Argentinean growth references (AGR), to contribute to the discussion about the use of local or international references for the assessment of growth in developing countries. Weight and height were measured in 3,411 schoolchildren aged 5-14 years. Data were log-transformed and compared with both references by paired samples t-test (CI = 0.95; alpha = 0.005). The boys' weights were greater than CDC/NCHS (up to 10, and at 14 years old) and the national reference at all ages (P < 0.005). The girls also were heavier than CDC/NCHS (at 7 and 12 years old, P < 0.005) and AGR, except at age 11 and 14 years. In boys, height was lower than CDC/NCHS at 9 and 14 years of age, and higher than AGR at all ages (P < 0.005). The girls were also shorter than CDC/NCHS at 7, 13, and 14 years old (P < 0.005), and-except at age 14-taller than AGR. The weight was higher than both of the references. Height showed a clear dissociation from the national reference and minor differences from CDC/NCHS. Nevertheless, around puberty, the children's height fell short of CDC/NCHS, especially the girls, whose values approached those of their Argentinean peers. This divergence could be associated with cohort effects or population variations in adolescent growth spurt. The use of a single growth reference for preadolescent may be appropriate. The height decrease in adolescents suggests the usefulness of local standards at this period. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, 2008 Vol. 58 Nº 4 (330 -335) Comparación entre referencias de las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad, estimadas a través del Índice de Masa Corporal, en niños de Argentina |
Gisel Padula, Susana A. Salceda RESUMEN. La evaluación de la situación nutricional de los niños, depende en gran medida de las curvas de crecimiento utilizadas. Elobjetivo de esta investigación es comparar las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad estimadas con tres referencias internacionales en una población de niños, a través del Índice de Masa Corporal. Se incluyeron 737 niños/as nacidos de término sanos, de 2 a 5 años (estudio transversal). La Participación fue voluntaria y consentida.Se estableció el Índice de Masa Corporal (kg/m2). Las técnicas de medición se basaron en guías nacionales. Las referencias utilizadas fueron: 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (>Pc85: sobrepeso; > Pc95: obesidad); 2. International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) (valores límites sexo-edad específicos) y 3. Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) (+2 desvíos estándar: sobrepeso; >+3: obesidad). Los resultados fueron evaluados estadísticamente mediante el programa Epi Info 6.0 (χ2, p < 0,05%). La prevalencia de niños con sobrepeso estimada con la referencia del CDC es 1,1 veces mayor que la de IOTF y 2,33 veces la de OMS y la de IOTF es 2,1 veces la de OMS (p= 0,00001). La prevalencia de niños con obesidad estimada con la referencia del CDC es 5,4 veces la de IOTF y 23,9 veces la de OMS, mientras que la de IOTF es 4,4 veces la de OMS (p=0,0000001). Las prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad, difieren substancialmente de acuerdo a la referencia y valores límite utilizados. No existiendo aún un criterio único, cada una de las referencias debe utilizarse con precaución. |
Arch Dis Child 2007 Sep;92(9):790-4. Epub 2007 May 8. Severity of meningococcal infections is related to anthropometrical parameters. |
Perez N., Regairas l., Bustamante J., Osimani N., Bergna D., Morales J., Agosti MR., Gonzalez-Ayala S., Peltzer C., Rodrigo A. BACKGROUND: Invasive meningococcal infections remain an important cause of death in children. In addition, malnutrition has been classically associated with increased severity of infectious diseases. However, in our experience lethal meningococcaemia in clinically malnourished children is extremely rare. Our purpose was to determine whether there is an association between nutritional status and outcome in children with invasive meningococcal infection. METHODS: We carried out an observational study and prospectively determined anthropometrical parameters in 127 children aged 1 month to 4 years with invasive meningococcal infection seen in our inpatient facilities from August 1999 to May 2004. Severity and survival were the clinical end points analysed. RESULTS: Children with severe disease had higher weight for age (1.02 vs -0.19) and height for age (1.12 vs -0.58) z scores than those with non-severe disease. Non-survivors had higher weight for age (0.90 vs -0.16) and height for age (0.73 vs -0.57) z scores than survivors. Clinical and biological variables usually accepted as predictors of high mortality or severity in patients with meningococcal infection were not significantly associated with weight for age and height for age z scores. CONCLUSION: In the present prospective series of children with invasive meningococcal disease, severity and death were linked to anthropometrical parameters and seemed to be associated with a very good nutritional status, which confirmed our previous uncontrolled observations. |
Pediatr Resech 2007 Apr;61(4):456-61. Effects of light ethanol consumption during pregnancy: increased frequency of minor anomalies in the newborn and altered contractility of umbilical cord artery. |
Iveli MF., Morales S., Rebolledo A., Savietto V., Salemme S., Apezteguía M., Cecotti N., Drut R Milesi V.
|
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Aug;101(2):90-5. Trifluralin toxicity in a Chagas disease mouse model. |
Zaidenberg A, Marra C, Luong T, Gómez P, Milani L, Villagra S, Drut R. Even though trifluralin (alpha,alpha,alpha-2,6-dinitro-N-N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) is effective for the treatment of experimental Chagas disease, more preclinical toxicity studies need to be performed. Cell toxicity of trifluralin was studied in Hep-G2 and Vero C76 cells treated with 50 and 150 microM trifluralin. The results show that duplication time, amount of cellular protein and cell protein/DNA values were normal. Histological, haematological and chemical parameters were measured in CF1 mice after oral trifluralin administration. Acute toxic effects were assayed by administration of 50 or 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 30 days, and chronic effects by administration of 200 mg/kg body weight once a week for 90 days (n = 20). In the acute scheme treatment, hepatic (glutamic-pyruvic, glutamic-oxalacetic and alkaline phosphatase activities; proteins and albumin plasma concentrations) and pancreatic (amylase, glycaemia) functions were normal. Mean corpuscular volume, haemoglobin and haematocrit decreased. Creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and glutamic-oxalacetic activity increased, suggesting lesion in myocardial tissue. Histology was normal, excepting for the heart (mild myocarditis). Similar results were observed in acutely treated animals. There were no differences in body weight gain for treated mice compared to controls. In view of the published therapeutic effects of trifluralin on CF1 Chagas disease model and considering the present results, trifluralin seems to be a moderately toxic drug with a potential selective effect on the myocardium. |
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2007 Winter; 120(1-3):92-101. Acquisition of visuomotor abilities and intellectual quotient in children aged 4-10 years: relationship with micronutrient nutritional status. |
González HF, Malpeli A, Etchegoyen G, Lucero L, Romero F, Lagunas C, Lailhacar G, Olivares M, Uauy R. Lethargy, poor attention, and the high rate and severity of infections in malnourished children affect their educational achievement. We therefore studied the association between visuomotor abilities and intelligence quotient (IQ) and their relationship with iron, zinc, and copper. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 89 healthy children (age range, 4-10 years). Evaluations of visuomotor ability and IQ were performed with the Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration (VMI) and the Scale for Measurement of Intelligence for children aged 3-18 years, respectively. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometry and biochemical assessments, which included serum ferritin, zinc and copper levels, and Hb. The sample was classified as having low or normal VMI scores: 47 children (52.8%, mean age 7 +/- 1.5 years) had low VMI, and 42 (47.2%, mean age 7 +/- 2.06 years) had normal VMI. There were no statistically significant differences in socioeconomic and cultural condition between both groups. We found significantly higher serum copper and ferritin levels in normal as compared to low VMI, but we did not find any differences with zinc. IQ was significantly higher in normal vs low VMI children. The fact that children with abnormal VMI presented low mean serum copper and ferritin concentrations could indicate that copper and iron deficiencies in this sample could be related with visuomotor abilities. |
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2006 Apr;98(4):351-6. Treatment of experimental chronic chagas disease with trifluralin. |
Zaidenberg A, Luong T, Lirussi D, Bleiz J, Del Buono MB, Quijano G, Drut R, Kozubsky L, Marron A, Buschiazzo H. We tested trifluralin against Trypanosoma cruzi in a model of chronic Chagas disease in mice. CF1 mice (n=148) were intraperitoneally infected with 10(5) trypomastigotes of T. cruzi, H510C8C3 clone. One hundred mice were partially treated with benznidazole. Mortality was 100% at day 41 in the control group (n=48). At day 90 of the chronic disease (74% survival) mice were divided into three groups and treated orally with trifluralin (50 mg/kg/day, n=26), benznidazole (50 mg/kg/day, n=25) and vehicle (peanut oil; control group, n=23) for 60 days. Electrocardiography (under pentobarbital anaesthesia, 30 mg/kg/dose), serologic immunofluorescence and microstrout were performed at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. Mice were sacrificed at day 10 after treatment; cardiac tissue was studied histopathologically and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. Spontaneous mortality was 30.43%, 3.85% and 4% in the control, trifluralin and benznidazole groups, respectively (significant survival, P=0.03). Microstrouts were negative in all three groups. Negative immunofluorescence titers were 0%, 16% (P=0.05) and 29% (P<0.02) in the control, trifluralin and benznidazole groups, respectively. The prevailing electrocardiographic disorder was prolongation of the PR interval in the control group, which was not significantly altered in trifluralin- and benznidazole-treated mice, suggesting that trifluralin and benznidazole improve or even stop the damage caused by the disease on the conduction system. Trifluralin- and benznidazole-treated animals showed similar histologic patterns of myocarditis. PCR results were negative for benznidazole and trifluralin (100% and 70.8%, respectively). These results show the therapeutic potential of trifluralin in the treatment of chronic Chagas disease |
Growth Dev Aging. 2005 Winter;69(2):89-99. Catch-up in body weight of intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) rats castrated and treated with growth hormone. |
Guimarey LM, Quintero FA, Orden AB, Fucini MC, Oyhenart EE. The aim of the present study was to assess body weight recovery in rats with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) castrated and treated with growth hormone (GH). Wistar albino rats were divided into the following experimental groups: control (C), sham-operated (SH), IUGR, IUGR castrated (IUGR+C), and IUGR castrated and injected with GH (IUGR+C+GH). IUGR was induced by partial bending of uterine vessels at day 14 of pregnancy. GH (Genotropin 3.0 mg/kg/day) was administered from weaning (21 days old) to 60 days of age. SH rats were injected only with diluent. Castration was performed at weaning. Body weight, body weight velocity and relative food intake were registered weekly. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD post hoc test. The between-subjects analysis showed significant differences for sex and treatment factors. Differences in body weight were significant among treatments, being SH > IUGR > IUGR+ C+GH > IUGR+C in males, and SH > IUGR+C > IUGR+C+GH > IUGR in females. Differences in relative food intake were IUGR+C > IUGR+C+GH > IUGR > SH in males, and IUGR+C+GH > IUGR+C > IUGR > SH in females. These results indicate that nutritional rehabilitation impairs the effects of IUGR. While the absence of testosterone inhibited body weight gain, the absence of estrogens promoted catch-up growth. Castrated animals with or without GH treatment ate relatively more, suggesting the absence of an anabolic effect of gonadal steroids |
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2005 Sep; 55(3):252-6. Changes in body composition in lactating adolescent mothers. |
González HF, Malpeli A, Mansur JL, De Santiago S, Etchegoyen GS. We assessed changes in body composition in lactating adolescent mothers living under unfavorable socioeconomic and sanitary conditions. A total of 17 healthy primiparous adolescents under 17 years of age attending the Maternity Hospital of the city of La Plata, Argentina, were followed at 4 time points (15 days and 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum) to assess, a) dietary intake, b) practice of physical activity, c) nutritional condition (weight, height, body mass index [BMI] according to age, and body composition by the sum of skinfold measurements), d) characteristics of lactation, and e) growth parameters of the child. The mean age of adolescents was 15.06 +/- 0.66 years (mean menarchal age, 11.59 +/- 0.80 years). All adolescents breastfed up to 12 months postpartum, and maternal milk covered above 80% the baby intake (mean 7.06 +/- 2.54 breast feeds/day). While the daily intake of nutrients by adolescent mothers was constant up to 6 months postpartum, there was a modest decrease in that of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids 15 days and 12 months postpartum. The decrease in energetic intake during the same period was significant (p < 0.05). The practice of physical activity was classified as moderate during the follow-up period. Whereas mean basal percent of fat body mass (FBM) was 29.85 +/- 2.87, and decreased significantly at 6 (27.2% +/- 3.9%; p = 0.02) and 12 (26.1% +/- 3.9%; p = 0.002) months postpartum, changes in lean body mass (LBM) were not significant. In conclusion, lactating adolescents maintained LBM, whereas weight, FBM and BMI decreased markedly from 3 months postpartum. |
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2005 May-Jun; 29(3):186-91. Nutrition and immunological status in long-term follow up of children with short bowel syndrome. |
González HF, Pérez NB, Malpeli A, Martínez MI, Del Buono B, Viteri FE. BACKGROUND: Little is known about the long-term evolution, nutrition status, growth, and eventual deficiencies of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) adapted to oral feeding after parenteral nutrition (PN). Because there are not absolute criteria for weaning from parenteral or enteral nutrition to oral feeding, new nutrient deficiencies may develop. Subtle nutrition deficits could induce subclinical immune deficiencies; therefore, we studied long-term growth, nutrition status, and the state of the immune system in 10 patients with SBS after weaning PN for at least 2 years. METHODS: Ten children with SBS (3-12 years old; mean, 7.4 years) who had not received PN for at least 2 years were studied. Anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin values, and indicators of iron, zinc, copper, folate and vitamin B(12) nutrition status were evaluated, along with immunoglobulins, lymphocyte subpopulations, and polymorphonuclear candidicidal activity. RESULTS: Weight-for-height was normal in 8 children; height-for-age was low in 5 children whose SBS was established early in life. Fat body mass was also low in 5 subjects. Four children presented macrocytosis, 2 with anemia. Low serum levels of vitamin B(12) (1 child), folates (4 children), and ferritin (2 children) were observed. Diminished candidicidal activity (4 children) was the only remarkable immunological abnormality. Conclusion: Many biologic and growth deficiencies are frequently seen in patients with SBS, even in children adapted to enteral feeding. This finding and the existence of previously unreported decreased candidicidal activity in some patients with SBS deserve long-term clinical and biologic follow up. |
Nutr Rev. 2002 May;60(5 Pt 2):S77-83. Adverse outcomes of poor micronutrient status in childhood and adolescence. |
Viteri FE, Gonzalez H. The adverse effects of micronutrient deficiencies and excesses in children up to reproductive age are presented. A summary of risks and adverse functional and health outcomes associated with deficient and excessive intakes and nutrition status of iron, iodine, zinc, vitamins A and D, folate, vitamin B12, and riboflavin is presented. Nutrient-nutrient interactions of micronutrients, age, gender, and other host and environmental conditions, such as pregnancy, genetic conditions, overall nutrition, force of infection, and social conditions are considered as covariates in trying to define causation and outcomes due to specific micronutrients. The outcomes analyzed focus on growth and development, mental and neuromotor performance, immunocompetence, physical working capacity, morbidity, and in the case of pregnancy, overall reproductive performance. The results presented include responses to specific and multiple "experimental" interventions. A brief analysis of possible public health programs is presented, with emphasis on prevention. |
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2001 Sep;51(3):217-24. Absorption of unlabeled reduced iron of small particle size from a commercial source. A method to predict absorption of unlabeled iron compounds in humans. |
González H, Mendoza C, Viteri FE. The absorption of a commercial brand of small-particle reduced iron was evaluated in 10 normal subjects. For each subject, the hemoglobin incorporation method was used to measure the true absorption of 60 mg of iron from either ferrous sulfate or ferric ammonium citrate. The iron tolerance test (ITT) was also studied for these two compounds and for reduced iron. This procedure consisted of measuring the area under the curve of plasma iron elevations at specified times for 6 hours, or the peak plasma iron, corrected by the plasma iron disappearance rate obtained from measuring plasma iron at specified times for 4 hours after the slow intravenous injection of 0.4 mg of iron as ferric citrate. Only the ITT was used to measure the absorption of 60 mg of reduced iron. Reference dose iron ascorbate absorption was measured in each subject. The absorption of ferric ammonium citrate and reduced iron was expressed as percent of dose and also as absorption percent of that of ferrous sulfate. Mean % geometric "true absorptions" were 39.0 for reference dose, 10.4 for FeSO4 and 2.4 for ferric ammonium citrate. The later was 23% that of FeSO4. By ITT the mean geometric % absorptions were 7.9, 3.7 and 3.2 for FeSO4, ferric ammonium citrate and reduced iron respectively, or 47 and 41% of that of FeSO4. We propose that the true absorption of the commercial brand of reduced iron tested was 20% that of FeSO4 based on the relation between the ITT results of reduced iron and the ITT and true absorption values of ferric ammonium citrate in relation to FeSO4. The use of this method for measuring absorption of unlabeled iron compounds is discussed. |
Medicina (Bs. Aires). 1987;47(5):449-54. |
|
